Which amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment?

The 8th Amendment to the United States Constitution specifically addresses issues related to cruel and unusual punishment. This amendment is a critical component of the Bill of Rights, and it serves to protect individuals from excessive penalties or inhumane treatment within the criminal justice system. The language of the 8th Amendment limits the government's power by ensuring that punishments are proportionate to the offenses committed, thereby promoting dignity and humane treatment of individuals in custody.

The historical context for this amendment originates from concerns over the harsh punishments and torture used in England before the American Revolution. This led to a foundational understanding of justice that emphasizes respect for human rights, even for those who have been convicted of crimes. Therefore, the 8th Amendment is an essential safeguard against oppressive legal practices and is often cited in discussions about the death penalty, life sentences, and other forms of punishment deemed excessive or inhumane.