What type of document is submitted to a judge by law enforcement to determine probable cause?

The correct choice is the Criminal Complaint Document. This document is a formal legal instrument that outlines the charges against a suspect and provides the necessary details to establish probable cause. In the criminal justice system, a law enforcement officer submits a criminal complaint to a judge, which includes evidence and facts that support the assertion of a crime having been committed and the identification of the suspect involved.

This document serves a critical role in judicial proceedings by informing the court about the case and ensuring that there is a legal basis for moving forward. It prompts the court to review the case and allows for an initial determination of probable cause, which is essential before any arrest or any further legal action can be taken.

To provide some context on why other options do not apply as directly: an affidavit is a sworn written statement made under oath, often used to support a search warrant but not specifically a standalone document for establishing charges. A search warrant is an order issued by a judge allowing law enforcement to search premises and seize evidence but is not submitted for the sole purpose of determining probable cause for a criminal charge. A police report is an internal document detailing an officer's account of an incident, but it does not have the formal legal standing to initiate prosecution or establish probable cause in court.