What part of the government creates the system of federal courts?

The Legislative Branch is responsible for creating the system of federal courts through its constitutional authority. Specifically, Article III of the U.S. Constitution grants Congress the power to establish and organize the inferior courts beneath the Supreme Court. This framework allows Congress to determine the structure and jurisdiction of the federal court system, which includes the ability to create lower courts as needed, thereby ensuring the judiciary can adequately address federal matters.

In this context, the other branches of government play distinct roles. The Executive Branch is responsible for enforcing laws, while the Judicial Branch interprets those laws through the court system established by the Legislative Branch. State governments, on the other hand, operate under their own judicial systems, which are separate from the federal courts established by Congress. This highlights the important role of the Legislative Branch in setting up the federal judicial framework that underpins the U.S. legal system.