What is the primary purpose of the 4th Amendment?

The primary purpose of the 4th Amendment is to protect against unreasonable searches and seizures. This amendment is a vital part of the Bill of Rights and establishes that individuals have a right to privacy and security in their persons, houses, papers, and effects. Law enforcement must have probable cause and, in most cases, obtain a warrant based on that probable cause before conducting searches or seizures. This provision serves as a check against arbitrary governmental intrusion, ensuring that citizens are safeguarded from oppressive practices.

The other options focus on rights that are covered under different amendments. For instance, protection against self-incrimination is addressed in the 5th Amendment, the right to a speedy trial is guaranteed by the 6th Amendment, and the right to bear arms is defined under the 2nd Amendment. Each of these amendments serves a distinct purpose within the framework of American law and civil liberties, but the 4th Amendment specifically deals with search and seizure protections.